declassified cia projects
Now declassified, CIA documents on the project reveal the incredible scope and challenges of the U-2's development that were carried out in secrecy. [67]:140150 His treatments resulted in victims' urinary incontinence, amnesia, forgetting how to talk, forgetting their parents and thinking their interrogators were their parents. Allegations by Director Panetta indicate that details of a secret counterterrorism program were withheld from Congress under orders from former U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney. Dubbed Operation Crossroads, the test Secret writing document oneSecret writing document twoSecret writing document threeSecret writing document fourSecret writing document fiveSecret writing document six, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. It is unknown whether any useful DNA was acquired from the program, but it was deemed not successful. (Keystone/Getty Images), A Soviet soldier inside the 350 yard tunnel extending from the American Sector of Berlin into the Soviet Sector on April 26, 1956. [20] Many CIA officers fell under career-ending suspicion; the details of the relative truths and untruths from Nosenko and Golitsyn may never be released, or, in fact, may not be fully understood. do to Eric Olson's father? Central Intelligence Agency front organizations, People killed in Central Intelligence Agency operations, International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA, Measurements of Earth Data for Environmental Analysis, Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, United States Joint Publications Research Service, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Central_Intelligence_Agency_operations&oldid=711930997, This page was last edited on 25 March 2016, at 20:06. [58] "The agency has not discussed publicly the nature of the effort, which remains classified," said agency spokesman Paul Gimigliano. [13]:74[16][17][18] Over 7,000 American veterans took part in these experiments non-consensually during the 1950s through 1970s, many of them suing later on. In late 2012, the U.S. Air Force declassified a trove of documents, including records of a secret program to build a flying saucer-type aircraft designed to shoot down Soviet bombers. During the Cold War, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO, developed a classified plan for keeping Europe "safe" in the event of a Soviet invasion. The flying discshaped vehicle was supposed toreach speeds of Mach 4;an altitude of 100,000 feet; and have a range of over 1,000 nautical miles. Among Olson's concerns were the development of assassination materials used by the CIA, the CIA's use of biological warfare materials in covert operations, experimentation with biological weapons in populated areas, collaboration with former Nazi scientists under Operation Paperclip, LSD mind-control research, and the use of psychoactive drugs during "terminal" interrogations under a program code-named Project ARTICHOKE. MKUltra plays a part in many conspiracy theories due to its nature and the destruction of most records. President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally endorsed CORONA in February 1958. Several of these tests involved the administration of LSD to "unwitting subjects in social situations. Later admitting to the wiretapping, the CIA said 40,000 hours of telephone conversations were recorded. From a secret U.S Air Force project to build a flying saucer to a now-famous World War II-era research program that produced the first atomic bombs, below are 10 declassified military and CIA secrets. [80][81], In Canada, the issue took much longer to surface, becoming widely known in 1984 on a CBC news show, The Fifth Estate. "[3] The CIA itself has responded to the claims made in Weiner's book, and has described it as "a 600-page op-ed piece masquerading as serious history. [46] The CIA wanted to know if they could make Soviet spies defect against their will and whether the Soviets could do the same to the CIA's own operatives. And these clandestine armies weren't just kept secret from the Soviet Union. [61], Some subjects' participation was consensual, and in these cases they appeared to be singled out for even more extreme experiments. The confidential documents, codenamed Vault 7, dated from 20132016, included details on the CIA's software capabilities, such as the ability to compromise cars, smart TVs,[81] and web browsers, including Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, and Opera,[82][83] as well as the operating systems of most smartphones including Apple's iOS and Google's Android, and other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux. "[5], Extraordinary rendition is the apprehension and extrajudicial transfer of a person from one country to another.[6]. If this principle is violated, the very least that society can do is to see that the victims are compensated, as best they can be, by the perpetrators. Between 1953 and 1964, the program consisted of 149 projects involving drug testing and other studies on unwitting human subjects, Given the CIA's purposeful destruction of most records, its failure to follow informed consent protocols with thousands of participants, the uncontrolled nature of the experiments, and the lack of follow-up data, the full impact of MKUltra experiments, including deaths, may never be known. Investigative efforts were hampered by CIA Director Richard Helms's order that all MKUltra files be destroyed in 1973; the Church Committee and Rockefeller Commission investigations relied on the sworn testimony of direct participants and on the small number of documents that survived Helms's order. Declassified CIA File - Project AERODYNAMIC (15 Feb 1967) Original Title: Declassified CIA file - Project AERODYNAMIC (15 Feb 1967) Uploaded by Operation Gladio Description: Source: http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/1705143/AERODYNAMIC%20%20%20VOL.%205%20%20 (DEVELOPMENT%20AND%20PLANS)_0004.pdf Copyright: Throughout its history, the CIA has been the subject of a number of controversies, both at home and abroad. MKDELTA was established to oversee the use of MKUltra materials abroad. [36] American historian Alfred W. McCoy has claimed that the CIA attempted to focus media attention on these sorts of "ridiculous" programs so that the public would not look at the research's primary goal, which was effective methods of interrogation. Several of these were not misguided Nazis or opportunistic collaborators but merely embraced Hitler's regime in the name of anticommunism. [93][94] However, academic sources attribute the incident to ergot poisoning through a local bakery.[95][96][97]. ", "WikiLeaks Releases Trove of Alleged C.I.A. [1] Around 330,000 uninfected mosquitoes were dropped from aircraft in E14 bombs and dispersed from the ground. They also revealed that at least one subject, Frank Olson, had died after administration of LSD. The records include: White House and ODNI efforts to explain, justify, and defend the programs; Correspondence between outside critics and executive branch officials; Fact sheets and white papers distributed (and sometimes later withdrawn) by the government; Key laws and court decisions (both Supreme Court and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court); Documents on the Total Information Awareness (later Terrorist Information Awareness, or TIA) program, an earlier proposal for massive data collection Manuals on how to exploit the Internet for intelligence. The Obama administration threatened to veto the final version of a bill that included such a provision. "[50] Military personnel who received the mind-altering drugs were also threatened with court-martials if they told anyone about the experiments. [49] In one case, they administered LSD to a mental patient in Kentucky for 174 days. [2] In 1958, the Corps released 600,000 mosquitoes in Avon Park, Florida. Later admitting to the wiretapping, the CIA said 40,000 hours of telephone conversations were recorded. The proposals called for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) or other U.S. government operatives to commit acts of terrorism against American civilians and military targets, blaming them on the Cuban government, and using it to justify a war against Cuba. The people under this interrogation were CIA employees, U.S. military personnel, and agents suspected of working for the other side in the Cold War. DCIs Address to CSI CORONA Symposium [13][54], At the invitation of Stanford psychology graduate student Vik Lovell, an acquaintance of Richard Alpert and Allen Ginsberg, Ken Kesey volunteered to take part in what turned out to be a CIA-financed study under the aegis of MKUltra,[55] at the Menlo Park Veterans' Hospital[56][57] where he worked as a night aide. From a secret U.S. Air Force project to build a supersonic flying saucer to a now-famous World War II-era research program that produced the first atomic bombs to a plan to train domesticated cats to spy on the Soviet Union, here are 22 declassified military and CIA secrets. [49] They also administered LSD to CIA employees, military personnel, doctors, other government agents, and members of the general public to study their reactions. [89] In 1975, Olson's family received a $750,000 settlement from the U.S. government and formal apologies from President Gerald Ford and CIA Director William Colby, though their apologies were limited to informed consent issues concerning Olson's ingestion of LSD. (1995). Random House, 2008, p. 342. The first nuclear bomb was detonated at 5:30 a.m. on July 16, 1945, during the so-called Trinity test at the Alamogordo Air Base, 120 miles (193 km) south of Albuquerque, N.M. The committee noted that the "experiments sponsored by these researchers call into question the decision by the agencies not to fix guidelines for experiments.". The project grew out of QKHilltop and was later absorbed into MKUltra. CIA Director Panetta had ordered an internal investigation to determine why Congress had not been informed about the covert program. (Note 37) Many of these tests were conducted under the so-called MKULTRA program, established to counter perceived Soviet and Chinese advances in brainwashing techniques. Substances which will enhance the ability of individuals to withstand privation, torture, and coercion during interrogation and so-called "brain-washing". [10][11] It was organized through the CIA's Office of Scientific Intelligence and coordinated with the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories. In 1953, Olson's death was described as a suicide that had occurred during a severe psychotic episode. Substances which alter personality structure in such a way the tendency of the recipient to become dependent upon another person is enhanced. [53] The House is expected to support the 2010 Intelligence Authorization Bill including a provision that would require the President to inform more than 40 members of Congress about covert operations. [3] When the cluster bombs reached 2,000 or 1,000 feet (600 or 300 m) the bomblets would drop via parachute, disseminating their vector. That group compiled more than 9,000 pages of documents detailing crimes by U.S. troops during the Vietnam War, many of which were declassified during the 1990s. [99][100], Sit back picture yourself swooping up a shell of purple with foam crests of crystal drops soft nigh they fall unto the sea of morning creep-very-softly mist and then sort of cascade tinkley-bell-like (must I take you by the hand, ever so slowly type) and then conglomerate suddenly into a peal of silver vibrant uncomprehendingly, blood singingly, joyously resounding bells By my faith if this be insanity, then for the love of God permit me to remain insane.[104]. In the 1970s, Congressional investigations and reports also revealed Agency connections with journalists and civic groups. [64] The barbiturates were released into the person first, and as soon as the person began to fall asleep, the amphetamines were released. "Since 1962, three successive presidents had ordered the director of central intelligence to spy on Americans. In a declassified CIA document outlining the details of Operation Belladonna, . Washington D.C., September 13, 2022 - On the 5th anniversary of the CIA's September 13, 2017, decision to pull its agents out of Cuba, after several operatives were stricken with what has become known as the "Havana Syndrome," the National Security Archive today posted the first of a declassified documentation series on the "Moscow Signals"a decades-long chapter of the Cold War . . The plan, known as Operation Gladio, called for the formation of secret armies or "stay-behind" organizations in many NATO countries, including Italy, Belgium and France, according to declassified documents. Declassified designs show the U.S. Air Force's attempts to build a flying saucer capable of both hovering and going supersonic. [60], Another technique investigated was the intravenous administration of a barbiturate into one arm and an amphetamine into the other. "The Snowden leaks have generated broad public debate over issues of security, privacy, and legality inherent in the NSA's surveillance of communications by American citizens. Substances which will produce "pure" euphoria with no subsequent let-down. In December 2021, radio documentarian Per Wennick discovered 36 boxes of MKUltra records stored at a psychiatric center in a Copenhagen suburb, but when he asked for access, the center shredded the records, in violation of Danish law. CORONA: Between the Sun and the Earth [45][37], Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi has stated that the CIA repeatedly misled Congress since 2001 about waterboarding and other torture, though Pelosi admitted to being told about the programs. Some of the more compelling secrets the agency, along with their cohorts in the U.S. military, have declassified in recent years are worth digging into. Wernher von Braun, who helped get us on the moon in 1969. A series of top-secret human experiments conducted by the CIA between 1953 and 1973, Project MK-Ultra sought to harness the power of mind-control. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 09:30. In his book on the topic, Edward J. Ruppelt, Air Force Captain and director of Project Grudge, wrote: "[I]t doesn't take a great deal of study of the old UFO files to see that standard intelligence procedures were not being followed by Project Grudge. Stanley. Working with the CIA, the Department of Defense gave hallucinogenic drugs to thousands of "volunteer" soldiers in the 1950s and 1960s. [70] Their experiences and lawsuit were adapted in the 1998 television miniseries The Sleep Room. The Gateway Process was explained in a report completed in 1983, revealing scientific evidence of how to produce states of expanded human consciousness. The downward spiral and decentralization of the globalist controlled corps are making lawyers very rich and busy and the party is barely . None of Cameron's personal records of his involvement with MKUltra survived because his family destroyed them after his death.[82][83]. [38], The CIA sometimes finds itself in conflict with other parts of the government when there is disagreement over the legality of specific covert programs. The Central Intelligence Agency today declassified the United States Government's six oldest classified documents, dating from 1917 and 1918. The trove contains files covering a wide range of secrets, from the mundane to the mind-blowing and, yes, even UFOS. Weiner, Tim. The Office of Transnational Issues[43] applies unique functional expertise to assess existing and emerging threats to U.S. national security and provides the most senior U.S. policymakers, military planners, and law enforcement with analysis, warning, and crisis support. Rather, the human rights associated with the Snowden leaks are regarding the types of document Snowden released. [23], During Bush's year in charge of the CIA, the U.S. national security apparatus actively supported Operation Condor operations and right-wing military dictatorships in Latin America. 3. [59], The Wall Street Journal reported, citing former intelligence officials familiar with the matter, that the program was an attempt to carry out a 2001 presidential authorization to capture or kill al-Qaeda operatives.[60]. I think this is as serious as it gets," stated Anna Eshoo, Chairman, Subcommittee on Intelligence Community Management, U.S. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI). [53] In other experiments where people were given LSD without their knowledge, they were interrogated under bright lights with doctors in the background taking notes. The possibilities detailed in the document included the possible assassination of Cuban migrs, sinking boats of Cuban refugees on the high seas, hijacking planes, blowing up a U.S. ship, and orchestrating violent terrorism in U.S. "Sure, there are some people who are happy to let intelligence agencies go about their business unexamined. [76] That report prompted investigations by the United States Congress, in the form of the Church Committee, and by a commission known as the Rockefeller Commission that looked into the illegal domestic activities of the CIA, the FBI and intelligence-related agencies of the military. The declassified documents reveal plans for the plane to reach a top speed of Mach 4 (four times the speed of sound), and reach an altitude of 100,000 feet (30,480 meters). [119], "MKULTRA" redirects here. In one case, seven volunteers in Kentucky were given LSD for seventy-seven consecutive days. One of its most famous graduates? [5], In 1973, amid a government-wide panic caused by Watergate, CIA Director Richard Helms ordered all MKUltra files destroyed. (Keystone/Getty Images) By Will Levith [33] The agency poured millions of dollars into studies examining ways to influence and control the mind and to enhance its ability to extract information from resistant subjects during interrogation. [79], At least one death, the result of the alleged defenestration of Frank Olson, was attributed to Olson's being subjected, without his knowledge, to such experimentation nine days before his death. These documents, which describe secret writing techniques and are housed at the National Archives, are believed to be the only remaining classified documents from the World War I era. Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts 1 June 2007 Term Definition A-287 Cryptonym for Josef Stigler. Project AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE), which operated 1949-1970 before being reclassified under Project named QRDYNAMIC in 1970 and finally QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB until 1991. Find Your Calling with a Career at CIA. ", "Ken Kesey, Author of 'Cuckoo's Nest,' Who Defined the Psychedelic Era, Dies at 66", "I'm Whitey Bulger. The explosion created a mushroom cloud that stretched 40,000 feet (12,200 m), and the bomb's explosive power was equivalent to more than 15,000 tons of TNT. "Operation Sea-Spray was a 1950 U.S. Navy secret experiment in which Serratia marcescens and Bacillus globigii bacteria were sprayed over the San Francisco Bay Area in California. CORONA also had sister programs: ARGON for mapping imagery and LANYARD, a short-lived program designed for higher-quality imagery. Substances which produce physical disablement such as paralysis of the legs, acute anemia, etc. Materials and physical methods which will produce amnesia for events preceding and during their use. Funding for MKSEARCH commenced in 1965, and ended in 1971. Critical Survey of Long Fiction, Second Revised Edition (2000): EBSCO. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, writing a separate dissent, stated: No judicially crafted rule should insulate from liability the involuntary and unknowing human experimentation alleged to have occurred in this case. These acts, which included faked terrorist attacks in U.S. cities, the hijacking of planes and the sinking of boats full of Cuban migrs en route to the U.S., would then be used to justify a war with Cuba, according to the documents. Today, the crushed remains of Project Iceworm are buried beneath Arctic snow. Declassified documents related to NATO's stay-behind armies are accessible via The Black Vault, a website that makes declassified documents available to the public. As part of a mass declassification of a number of secrets in 2012, the U.S. Air Force revealedthat its Aeronautical Systems Division had plans to produce aUFO-style aircraft back in the 1950s. In the summer of 1975, congressional Church Committee reports and the presidential Rockefeller Commission report revealed to the public for the first time that the CIA and the Department of Defense had conducted experiments on both unwitting and cognizant human subjects as part of an extensive program to find out how to influence and control human behavior through the use of psychoactive drugs such as LSD and mescaline and other chemical, biological, and psychological means. Dr. Wernher von Braun (center) describes the Saturn Launch System to President John F. Kennedy (right, pointing). "[42]:365. On the Senate floor in 1977, Senator Ted Kennedy said: The Deputy Director of the CIA revealed that over thirty universities and institutions were involved in an "extensive testing and experimentation" program which included covert drug tests on unwitting citizens "at all social levels, high and low, native Americans and foreign." CORONA was created by a small group of CIA, Air Force and private industry experts who were tasked with finding a way to provide broad imagery coverage of the USSR to identify missile launch sites and production facilities. There was a decision under several directors of the CIA and administration not to tell the Congress. In a declassified CIA document outlining the details of Operation Belladonna, we can see the United States had already made contact with Ukrainian Nationalists that were keen to ally with the Americans against the USSR, primarily through influencing the development of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (UHVR). [8][9], MKUltra was preceded by two drug-related experiments, Project Bluebird and Project Artichoke. A Soviet soldier inside the 350 yard tunnel extending from the American Sector of Berlin into the Soviet Sector on April 26, 1956. Brennan ordered the creation of an internal personnel board, led by former senator Evan Bayh, to review the agency employees' conduct and determine "potential disciplinary measures. !<-- Layton (2007), Whistle-Blower's Fight For Pension Drags On, The Washington Post -->, US Senate Report on CIA Detention Interrogation Program, European Parliament report of February 2007, United Nations Convention Against Torture, Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, Official reports by the U.S. Government on the CIA, U.S. intelligence involvement with German and Japanese war criminals after World War II, CIA transnational anti-crime and anti-drug activities, CIA's relationship with the United States Military, Classified information in the United States, Freedom of Information Act (United States), Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, United States Department of Homeland Security, "Review of 'Legacy of Ashes: The History of CIA', "Renditions: Constraints Imposed by Laws on Torture", "Obama's War on Terror May Resemble Bush's in Some Areas", "Background Paper on CIA's Combined Use of Interrogation Techniques", "New CIA Docs Detail Brutal 'Extraordinary Rendition' Process", "Remarks of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Upon Her Departure for Europe, 5 December 2005", "Obama preserves renditions as counter-terrorism tool", "N.Y. billing dispute reveals details of secret CIA rendition flights", "Under Obama Administration Renditionsand Secrecy Around ThemContinue", "Resolution 1507: Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states", Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, "Outsourcing Torture: The secret history of America's 'extraordinary rendition' program", "Afghan Base Hit by Attack Has Pivotal Role in Conflict", "Intelligence Reform is the President's Urgent Challenge", "A Bombshell on Pinochet's Guilt, Delivered Too Late", "Doctors Aided CIA Torture, Records Show", "CIA Made Doctors Complicit in Torture After 9/11, Report Says", "The Snowden Affair: Electronic Briefing Book No. Another technique investigated was the intravenous administration of a bill that included such a way the tendency the! 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